The Physical Basics of Microwave Heating

Microwave heating, a form of dielectric heating, is understood as the generation of heat in materials of low electrical conductivity by an applied high-frequency electric field.

For a substance to be microwaveable, it must possess an asymmetric molecular structure, as in the case of a wate molecule.

The molecules of such substances form electric dipoles, which try to align with the orientation of the electric field. It is this orientation polarization that is responsible for energy generation.

The influence of an alternating field allows the dipole molecules to undergo oscillations in response to the high-frequency field's polarity changes. The intermolecular friction produces high frequency energy which is first absorbed and then converted into thermal energy.